Ceiling panels

You are far from unique there have been many leaks in the spoiler attachment holes reported here.

If you watch this video you can see how the curved roof sections are constructed. They are laminated ply interior sheeting stapled to 1x wood stringers, with insulation batts dropped in.

So one problem is going to be getting the insulation dried out. It might be easiest and best to just remove the trim around the damaged panel and pull off the interior sheet so you can get at the insulation and also insect the stringers. Then staple up a new ceiling sheet with similar appearance and replace the trim. Patching some type of sandable filler like Bondo and then painting could work too if you're comfortable that things have gotten dried out and there isn't internal damage that will show up again later. Or maybe just remove the bulge and glue a patch or a photo/piece of art over the bad spot. Up to you.

Construction video

5200 is great stuff. just be aware if you aren't already that you will probably never get that apart again. The stuff is tenacious.

The issue with interior panel replacement will be matching the appearance, assuming that's important to you. Otherwise it probably doesnt matter what you use as long as it conforms to the curved surface.