There is a debate on this question, on this forum and elsewhere.
Here are the facts, so you can make your own decision.
The 50A circuit at the campground has a circuit breaker on the pedestal that will trip at 50 amps. The trailer panel has a circuit breaker on it that will trip at 30 amps which will protect everything downstream of that. In between the dog bone and the breaker in the trailer panel is your cable with a connector on each end, a receptacle on the trailer, and wiring between that receptacle and the circuit breaker in the trailer, all of which is rated to handle 30A but not 50A.
So, if you get a short in between the dog bone and the trailer circuit breaker that allows more than 30A to flow but less than 50A you can overheat the cable, connectors, receptacle, or wiring which could cause a fire. If the short is more than 50A the circuit breaker on the pedestal will trip.
Because of this potential risk there is a label next to the trailer receptacle which says not to connect it to a circuit that can provide more than 30A. The plug protector you have protects from some other things but not from this particular risk. And the dog bone manufacturer is not responsible if there is a problem, they meet the requirements they need to meet to sell their product. its up to you how you use it.
Is such a short circuit (less than 50A but greater than 30A) possible? Yes, I have seen similar shorts on other circuits but not on RV's. Is it common? Not at all, very uncommon on RV's if its happened at all.
So, there you have it, up to you to decide what you're comfortable with based on your risk tolerance.